Difference between revisions of "Amazon Relational Database Services (RDS)"

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[[wikipedia:Amazon Relational Database Service]] (or Amazon RDS) is a distributed relational database service by [[Amazon Web Services]] (AWS), also included in the [[AWS Free Tier]] option.
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[[wikipedia:Amazon Relational Database Service]] ([[AWS timeline|Oct 2009]]) <ref>https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2009/10/27/introducing-amazon-relational-database-service/</ref> is a distributed relational database service by [[Amazon Web Services]] (AWS), also included in the [[AWS Free Tier]] option.
 +
* Homepage: https://aws.amazon.com/rds/
 +
* [[AWS Costs|Pricing]]:
 +
** [[MariaDB]]: <ref>https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_MariaDB.html</ref> https://aws.amazon.com/rds/mariadb/pricing/
 +
** [[Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL|PostgreSQL]]: https://aws.amazon.com/rds/postgresql/pricing/
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*** Estimate [[RDS PostgreSQL]] 4CPU 15GiB https://calculator.aws/#/estimate?id=958822a8a9d16b865fa5db0397e5fb1e20bf5198
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** [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
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** [[Oracle]]
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** [[Amazon RDS Custom]]
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** [[Aurora]]
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*** [[Aurora PostgreSQL]]: price calculator: aprox 63 USD/month https://calculator.aws/#/createCalculator/AuroraPostgreSQL
 +
Regarding possible cost while learning AWS RDS, just be aware that you will be able to stop AWS RDS instances from AWS Management Console or AWS CLI for 7 days period at a time, but after those 7 days, it will be automatically started by AWS.<ref>https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2017/06/amazon-rds-supports-stopping-and-starting-of-database-instances/</ref> <ref>https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_StopInstance.html</ref>
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 +
== Features ==
 +
* [[Storage autoscaling]] (Jun 2019) and hot [[storage increase]]
 +
* [[Performance Insights]] (Jun 2018): <code>[[aws pi]]</code>
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* [[Amazon RDS Backup and Restore|Backups]] and [[AWS RDS Snapshots|snapshots]]
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* [[Database Migration Services]]
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* [[Amazon RDS Read Replicas|Read Replicas]] (Oct 2010)
 +
 
 +
== Creation ==
 +
[[You can create different types of DBs using]]:
 +
:1) [[AWS Management Console]]
 +
:2) [[AWS CLI]]: <code>[[aws ec2 run-instances]]</code>
 +
:3) [[AWS Cloudformation]]: <code>[[AWS::RDS::DBInstance]]</code>
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:4) Terraform: <code>[[Terraform resource: aws_db_instance|aws_db_instance]]</code>
  
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You can create different types of DBs using AWS web page or [[AWS CLI]].
 
  
−
Regarding possible cost while learning AWS RDS, just be aware that you will be able to stop AWS RDS instances from AWS Management Console or AWS CLI for 7 days period at a time, but after those 7 days, it will be automatically started by AWS.<ref>https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2017/06/amazon-rds-supports-stopping-and-starting-of-database-instances/</ref> <ref>https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_StopInstance.html</ref>
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== Timeline ==
 +
Amazon RDS was first released on 22 October [[2009]], supporting [[MySQL]] databases.<ref name="auto"/><ref>[http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=2942&categoryID=291 Release: Amazon Relational Database Service : Release Notes : Amazon Web Services]{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Developer.amazonwebservices.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-09.</ref><ref>Vogels, Werner. (2009-10-26) [http://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2009/10/amazon_relational_database_service.html Expanding the Cloud: The Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)]. All Things Distributed. Retrieved on 2013-08-09.</ref> This was followed by support for [[Oracle Database]] in June 2011,<ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle database available as a service on Amazon AWS (RDS)|url=http://www.beyondoracle.com/2011/05/24/oracle-database-service-amazon-aws-rds/|date=2011-05-24|accessdate=2014-04-13|website=beyondoracle.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=AWS Announces Relational Database Service For Oracle|url=http://www.firstbiz.com/biztech/aws-announces-relational-database-service-for-oracle-12330.html|access-date=2014-04-13|website=firstbiz.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413234027/http://www.firstbiz.com/biztech/aws-announces-relational-database-service-for-oracle-12330.html|archive-date=2014-04-13|url-status=dead|df=}}</ref> [[Microsoft SQL Server]] in May 2012,<ref>[http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2012/05/net-support-for-aws-elastic-beanstalk-amazon-rds-for-sql-server-.html Amazon Web Services Blog: Amazon RDS for SQL Server and .NET support for AWS Elastic Beanstalk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103035539/http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2012/05/net-support-for-aws-elastic-beanstalk-amazon-rds-for-sql-server-.html |date=2013-01-03 }}. Aws.typepad.com (2012-05-08). Retrieved on 2013-08-09.</ref> [[PostgreSQL]] in November 2013,<ref>{{cite news |date={{date|2013-11-14}} |author=Alex Williams |title=PostgreSQL Now Available On Amazon's Relational Database Service |publisher=TechCrunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/11/14/postgressql-now-available-on-amazons-relational-database-service/ }}</ref> and [[MariaDB]] (a fork of MySQL) in October 2015,<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Web Services Announces Two New Database Services – AWS Database Migration Service and Amazon RDS for MariaDB |publisher=MarketWatch, Inc |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/amazon-web-services-announces-two-new-database-services-aws-database-migration-service-and-amazon-rds-for-mariadb-2015-10-07/|date=2015-10-07|accessdate=2015-10-23}}</ref> and an additional 80 features during 2017.<ref name="ama aws">{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-relational-database-service-looking-back-at-2017/|title=Amazon Relational Database Service – Looking Back at 2017|date=February 12, 2018|website=Amazon Web Services}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
In November 2014 AWS announced [[Amazon Aurora]], a MySQL-compatible database offering enhanced [[high availability]] and performance,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/highly-scalable-mysql-compat-rds-db-engine/|title=Amazon Aurora – New Cost-Effective MySQL-Compatible Database Engine for Amazon RDS|date=November 12, 2014|website=Amazon Web Services}}</ref> and in October 2017 a PostgreSQL-compatible database offering<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/now-available-amazon-aurora-with-postgresql-compatibility/|title=Now Available – Amazon Aurora with PostgreSQL Compatibility|date=October 24, 2017|website=Amazon Web Services}}</ref><ref name="ama aws"/> was launched.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/|title=Amazon Aurora – Relational Database Built for the Cloud - AWS|website=Amazon Web Services, Inc.}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
In March 2019 AWS announced support of [[PostgreSQL 11]] in RDS,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2019/03/postgresql11-now-supported-in-amazon-rds/|title=PostgreSQL 11 now Supported in Amazon RDS|website=Amazon Web Services, Inc.}}</ref> five months after official release.
  
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==Timeline==
+
Nov 2021 https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/readable-standby-instances-in-amazon-rds-multi-az-deployments-a-new-high-availability-option
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Amazon RDS was first released on 22 October 2009, supporting [[MySQL]] databases.<ref name="auto"/><ref>[http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=2942&categoryID=291 Release: Amazon Relational Database Service : Release Notes : Amazon Web Services]{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Developer.amazonwebservices.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-09.</ref><ref>Vogels, Werner. (2009-10-26) [http://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2009/10/amazon_relational_database_service.html Expanding the Cloud: The Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)]. All Things Distributed. Retrieved on 2013-08-09.</ref> This was followed by support for [[Oracle Database]] in June 2011,<ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle database available as a service on Amazon AWS (RDS)|url=http://www.beyondoracle.com/2011/05/24/oracle-database-service-amazon-aws-rds/|date=2011-05-24|accessdate=2014-04-13|website=beyondoracle.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=AWS Announces Relational Database Service For Oracle|url=http://www.firstbiz.com/biztech/aws-announces-relational-database-service-for-oracle-12330.html|access-date=2014-04-13|website=firstbiz.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413234027/http://www.firstbiz.com/biztech/aws-announces-relational-database-service-for-oracle-12330.html|archive-date=2014-04-13|url-status=dead|df=}}</ref> [[Microsoft SQL Server]] in May 2012,<ref>[http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2012/05/net-support-for-aws-elastic-beanstalk-amazon-rds-for-sql-server-.html Amazon Web Services Blog: Amazon RDS for SQL Server and .NET support for AWS Elastic Beanstalk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103035539/http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2012/05/net-support-for-aws-elastic-beanstalk-amazon-rds-for-sql-server-.html |date=2013-01-03 }}. Aws.typepad.com (2012-05-08). Retrieved on 2013-08-09.</ref> [[PostgreSQL]] in November 2013,<ref>{{cite news |date={{date|2013-11-14}} |author=Alex Williams |title=PostgreSQL Now Available On Amazon's Relational Database Service |publisher=TechCrunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/11/14/postgressql-now-available-on-amazons-relational-database-service/ }}</ref> and [[MariaDB]] (a fork of MySQL) in October 2015,<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Web Services Announces Two New Database Services – AWS Database Migration Service and Amazon RDS for MariaDB |publisher=MarketWatch, Inc |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/amazon-web-services-announces-two-new-database-services-aws-database-migration-service-and-amazon-rds-for-mariadb-2015-10-07/|date=2015-10-07|accessdate=2015-10-23}}</ref> and an additional 80 features during 2017.<ref name="ama aws">{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-relational-database-service-looking-back-at-2017/|title=Amazon Relational Database Service – Looking Back at 2017|date=February 12, 2018|website=Amazon Web Services}}</ref>
 
  
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In November 2014 AWS announced [[Aurora database analytics engine|Amazon Aurora]], a MySQL-compatible database offering enhanced [[high availability]] and performance,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/highly-scalable-mysql-compat-rds-db-engine/|title=Amazon Aurora – New Cost-Effective MySQL-Compatible Database Engine for Amazon RDS|date=November 12, 2014|website=Amazon Web Services}}</ref> and in October 2017 a PostgreSQL-compatible database offering<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/now-available-amazon-aurora-with-postgresql-compatibility/|title=Now Available – Amazon Aurora with PostgreSQL Compatibility|date=October 24, 2017|website=Amazon Web Services}}</ref><ref name="ama aws"/> was launched.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/|title=Amazon Aurora – Relational Database Built for the Cloud - AWS|website=Amazon Web Services, Inc.}}</ref>
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March 2022 Amazon RDS for SQL Server now supports M6i and R6i instances: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2022/03/amazon-rds-sql-server-supports-m6i-r6i-instances/
  
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In March 2019 AWS announced support of PostgreSQL 11 in RDS,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2019/03/postgresql11-now-supported-in-amazon-rds/|title=PostgreSQL 11 now Supported in Amazon RDS|website=Amazon Web Services, Inc.}}</ref> five months after official release.
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== AWS CLI and CloudFormation ==
 +
* <code>[[aws rds describe-db-instances]]</code>
 +
* [[CloudFormation]]: <code>[[AWS::RDS::DBInstance]]</code>
  
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== Basic AWS Cli Commands ==
+
== [[RDS FAQs]] ==
−
Describe some basic parameters of RDS instances:
 
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<pre>aws rds describe-db-instances --output text --query 'DBInstances[*].[DBInstanceArn,Engine,DBInstanceIdentifier,DBInstanceStatus]'
 
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arn:aws:rds:eu-central-1:4523523466:db:my_branches_name postgres  my_branches_name available
 
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</pre>
 
  
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Describe additional parameters of RDS instances:
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== Activities ==
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<pre>
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* Read https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/amazon-rds
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/usr/bin/aws rds describe-db-instances --output text --query 'DBInstances[*].[DBInstanceArn,Engine,EngineVersion,AvailabilityZone,MultiAZ,DBInstanceIdentifier,DBInstanceClass,AllocatedStorage,DBInstanceStatus,PubliclyAccessible,MasterUsername]'
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* Read [https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-relational-database-service-looking-back-at-2017/ Amazon Relational Database Service – Looking Back at 2017]
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arn:aws:rds:eu-central-1:4523523466:db:my_branches_name1 postgres 9.6.6 eu-central-1b True my_branches_name1 db.t2.micro 50 available False root
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* Read: https://github.com/open-guides/og-aws#rds
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arn:aws:rds:eu-central-1:4523523466:db:my_branches_name1 postgres 9.6.6 eu-central-1a False my_branches_name2 db.t2.medium 20 available False root
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* Read [[Stopping an Amazon RDS DB instance temporarily]]<ref>https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_StopInstance.html</ref>
−
</pre>
 
  
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== Readings ==
+
== News ==
−
* [https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-relational-database-service-looking-back-at-2017/ Amazon Relational Database Service – Looking Back at 2017]
+
* https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-rds-multi-az-db-cluster/
 +
* Nov 2022 [[AWS gp3 for RDS|gp3 volumes for RDS]] <ref>https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2022/11/amazon-rds-general-purpose-gp3-storage-volumes/</ref>
 +
* [[AWS timeline|Mar 2021]] [[Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL supports managed disaster recovery (DR) with Cross-Region Automated Backups]] <ref>https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2021/03/amazon-rds-for-postgresql-supports-managed-disaster-recovery-dr-with-cross-region-automated-backups/?nc1=h_ls</ref>
 +
* [[RDS storage autoscaling]]<ref>https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2019/06/rds-storage-auto-scaling/</ref> (Jun 2019)
 +
* [[Amazon RDS Proxy]] (Jun 2020)
 +
* [[Amazon RDS Performance Insights]] (Jun 2018)
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* [[Amazon RDS Read Replicas]] (2010)<ref>https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-rds-announcing-read-replicas/</ref>
  
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== FAQs ==
+
== Related terms ==
−
* What is the maximum Database storage size?
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* <code>[[aws rds create-db-instance]]</code>
−
::Since 08/2017 maximum Database storage size is 16TB<ref>https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2017/08/amazon-rds-for-sql-server-increases-maxiumum-database-storage-size-to-16-tb/</ref>, up to June 2015 max size was 6 TB<ref>https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2015/06/amazon-rds-increases-storage-limits-to-6TB-for-piops-and-gp2/</ref>. Check official homepage for the latest information<ref>https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_Storage.html#Concepts.Storage.GeneralSSD</ref>.
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* <code>[[DataFileRead]]</code>, <code>[[rds_superuser]]</code>
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* Can i limit the size of my Database under maximum AWS size?
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* [[Amazon RDS Backup and Restore]]: [[Retention period]]
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::No.
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* [[Amazon RDS IAM Authentication]], Terraform <code>[[iam_database_authentication_enabled]]</code>
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* Do i have to stop my database to increase storage?
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* [[AWS CloudWatch: RDS]]
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::In most cases, No.<ref>https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_PIOPS.StorageTypes.html</ref>, your database will be in <code>storage-optimization</code> status for some time but will be fully operational.<ref>https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Overview.DBInstance.Status.html</ref>
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* [[AWS CloudFormation templates]]: https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-templates-us-west-2/RDS_Snapshot_On_Delete.template
 +
* [[Terraform resource]]: <code>[[Terraform resource: aws_db_instance|aws_db_instance]]</code>
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* <code>[[aws rds describe-db-engine-versions]]</code>
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* [[Multi-AZ]] and [[Multi-Region]]
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* [[Average Active Sessions (AAS)]]
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* [[Amazon RDS query editor for Aurora Serverless]]
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* [[GCP Cloud SQL]]
 +
* [[AWS RDS monitoring]]: [[Amazon RDS OS Enhanced Monitoring]]
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* <code>[[.rds.amazonaws.com]]</code>
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* [[Modifying]]
 +
* [[EXPLAIN ANALYZE (PostgreSQL)]]
 +
* [[Remote Desktop Service]]
 +
* [[Amazon Keyspaces]]
  
 
== See Also ==
 
== See Also ==
−
* [[Wikipedia: Amazon Relational Database Service]]
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* {{aws rds}}
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* https://aws.amazon.com/rds/
 
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* https://aws.amazon.com/rds/faqs/
 
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* https://github.com/open-guides/og-aws#rds
 
 
* {{RDS}}
 
* {{RDS}}
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* {{DBs}}
 
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* {{SQL}}
 
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* [[Aurora]] MySQL and PostgreSQL compatible relational database
 
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* {{AWS}}
 
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[[Category:Computing]]
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[[Category:Amazon RDS]]
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[[Category:Internet]]
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[[Category:AWS RDS]]
 
[[Category:Databases]]
 
[[Category:Databases]]
 +
[[Category:RDS]]
  
 
{{CC license}}
 
{{CC license}}
 
Source: wikiversity
 
Source: wikiversity

Revision as of 18:19, 19 February 2024

wikipedia:Amazon Relational Database Service (Oct 2009) [1] is a distributed relational database service by Amazon Web Services (AWS), also included in the AWS Free Tier option.

Regarding possible cost while learning AWS RDS, just be aware that you will be able to stop AWS RDS instances from AWS Management Console or AWS CLI for 7 days period at a time, but after those 7 days, it will be automatically started by AWS.[3] [4]

Features

Creation

You can create different types of DBs using:

1) AWS Management Console
2) AWS CLI: aws ec2 run-instances
3) AWS Cloudformation: AWS::RDS::DBInstance
4) Terraform: aws_db_instance


Timeline

Amazon RDS was first released on 22 October 2009, supporting MySQL databases.[5][6][7] This was followed by support for Oracle Database in June 2011,[8][9] Microsoft SQL Server in May 2012,[10] PostgreSQL in November 2013,[11] and MariaDB (a fork of MySQL) in October 2015,[12] and an additional 80 features during 2017.[13]

In November 2014 AWS announced Amazon Aurora, a MySQL-compatible database offering enhanced high availability and performance,[14] and in October 2017 a PostgreSQL-compatible database offering[15][13] was launched.[16]

In March 2019 AWS announced support of PostgreSQL 11 in RDS,[17] five months after official release.

Nov 2021 https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/readable-standby-instances-in-amazon-rds-multi-az-deployments-a-new-high-availability-option

March 2022 Amazon RDS for SQL Server now supports M6i and R6i instances: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2022/03/amazon-rds-sql-server-supports-m6i-r6i-instances/

AWS CLI and CloudFormation

RDS FAQs

Activities

News

Related terms

See Also

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

Source: wikiversity

  1. ↑ https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2009/10/27/introducing-amazon-relational-database-service/
  2. ↑ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_MariaDB.html
  3. ↑ https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2017/06/amazon-rds-supports-stopping-and-starting-of-database-instances/
  4. ↑ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_StopInstance.html
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named auto
  6. ↑ Release: Amazon Relational Database Service : Release Notes : Amazon Web ServicesTemplate:Dead link. Developer.amazonwebservices.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-09.
  7. ↑ Vogels, Werner. (2009-10-26) Expanding the Cloud: The Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS). All Things Distributed. Retrieved on 2013-08-09.
  8. ↑ "Oracle database available as a service on Amazon AWS (RDS)". beyondoracle.com. 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2014-04-13.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  9. ↑ "AWS Announces Relational Database Service For Oracle". firstbiz.com. Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2014-04-13.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  10. ↑ Amazon Web Services Blog: Amazon RDS for SQL Server and .NET support for AWS Elastic Beanstalk Template:Webarchive. Aws.typepad.com (2012-05-08). Retrieved on 2013-08-09.
  11. ↑ Alex Williams (date, cal, ts). "PostgreSQL Now Available On Amazon's Relational Database Service". TechCrunch. Check date values in: |date= (help)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  12. ↑ "Amazon Web Services Announces Two New Database Services – AWS Database Migration Service and Amazon RDS for MariaDB". MarketWatch, Inc. 2015-10-07. Retrieved 2015-10-23.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Amazon Relational Database Service – Looking Back at 2017". Amazon Web Services. February 12, 2018.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  14. ↑ "Amazon Aurora – New Cost-Effective MySQL-Compatible Database Engine for Amazon RDS". Amazon Web Services. November 12, 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  15. ↑ "Now Available – Amazon Aurora with PostgreSQL Compatibility". Amazon Web Services. October 24, 2017.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  16. ↑ "Amazon Aurora – Relational Database Built for the Cloud - AWS". Amazon Web Services, Inc.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  17. ↑ "PostgreSQL 11 now Supported in Amazon RDS". Amazon Web Services, Inc.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  18. ↑ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_StopInstance.html
  19. ↑ https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2022/11/amazon-rds-general-purpose-gp3-storage-volumes/
  20. ↑ https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2021/03/amazon-rds-for-postgresql-supports-managed-disaster-recovery-dr-with-cross-region-automated-backups/?nc1=h_ls
  21. ↑ https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2019/06/rds-storage-auto-scaling/
  22. ↑ https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-rds-announcing-read-replicas/
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