Editing Nginx

[[wikipedia:Nginx]] [[web server]] that was written in 2004 as an alternative to popular [[Apache]] [[web server]].

* Official documentation: https://nginx.org/en/docs/
* Configuration Files: 
:<code>/etc/nginx/[[nginx.conf]]</code>
:<code>/etc/nginx/conf.d/[[default.conf]]</code>
:<code>/etc/nginx/sites-enabled</code>

[[Nginx logs]] (See also [[Nginx change log]])
* Error log file: <code>/var/log/nginx/[[error.log (Nginx)|error.log]]</code>
* Access log file: <code>/var/log/nginx/access.log</code>
* [[Logrotate]]: <code>/etc/logrotate.d/nginx</code>
* <code>[[journalctl]] -u nginx</code>
::<code>[[journalctl -u nginx]] | grep [[emerg]]</code>

== Installation ==
[[Ubuntu]]
 apt install [[nginx-light]]
 [[systemctl status nginx]]
 [[/var]]/www/html/

 [[apt install]] nginx

[[Docker Nginx]] https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx

== [[Nginx Sample Configurations]] ==

== Features ==
Nginx can be deployed to serve dynamic [[HTTP]] content on the network using [[FastCGI]], [[SCGI]] handlers for [[scripting language|scripts]], [[Web Server Gateway Interface|WSGI]] application servers or [[Phusion Passenger]] modules, and it can serve as a software [[load balancer]].<ref name="Kleinman" />

Nginx uses an [[asynchronous system|asynchronous]] [[event (computing)|event-driven]] approach, rather than threads, to handle requests.<ref name="Welcome" /> Nginx's modular [[event-driven architecture]] can provide more predictable performance under high loads.<ref name="aosabook" /><ref name="Configuration" />

Nginx default configuration file is <code>nginx.conf</code>.<ref name="Beginner" />

=== HTTP proxy and Web server features ===
* Ability to handle [[c10k problem|more than 10,000 simultaneous connections]] with a low memory footprint (~2.5&nbsp;MB per 10k inactive [[HTTP persistent connection|HTTP keep-alive connections]])
* Handling of static files, index files and auto-indexing
* [[Reverse proxy]] with caching<ref>https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/web-server/reverse-proxy/</ref> (<code>[[proxy_pass]]</code> [[directive]]) (Do not support [[proxy]] <ref>https://serverfault.com/a/298401</ref>)
* [[Load balancer|Load balancing]] with in-band health checks<ref name="Load balancing" /> (<code>[[upstream]]</code> directive)
* [[TLS]]/[[SSL]] with [[Server Name Indication|SNI]] and [[OCSP stapling]] support, via [[OpenSSL]]
* [[FastCGI]], [[SCGI]], [[uWSGI]] support with caching
* [[gRPC]] support since March 2018, version 1.13.10.<ref>https://www.nginx.com/blog/nginx-1-13-10-grpc/</ref>
* Name- and IP address-based virtual servers
* [[IPv6]]-compatible
* [[WebSocket]]s since 1.3.13,<ref>http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/websocket.html</ref><ref>https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/websocket.html</ref> including acting as a reverse proxy and do load balancing of WebSocket applications.<ref>https://www.nginx.com/blog/websocket-nginx/</ref>
* [[HTTP/1.1 Upgrade header|HTTP/1.1 Upgrade (101 Switching Protocols)]],<ref name="101 Switching Protocols" /> [[HTTP/2]] protocol support
* [[rewrite engine|URL rewriting]] and [[URL redirection|redirection]]<ref name="mdoc-intro" /><ref name="mdoc" />

=== Mail proxy features ===
* [[Transport Layer Security|TLS/SSL]] support
* [[STARTTLS]] support
* [[SMTP]],<ref>https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/mail-proxy/mail-proxy/</ref> [[POP3]], and [[IMAP]] [[Proxy server|proxy]]
* Requires Authentication using an external HTTP server or by an authentication script<ref name="Authentication" /><ref>https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/mail-proxy/mail-proxy/#mail_auth</ref>

Other features include upgrading executable and configuration without client connections loss,<ref name="Controlling nginx" /> and a module-based architecture with both core<ref name="documentation" /> and third-party module support.<ref name="3rdPartyModules" />

The paid [[Nginx]] Plus product includes additional features such as advanced [[load balancing]] and access to an expanded suite of metrics for performance monitoring.<ref name="Plus metrics" /><ref name="Plus load balancing" />

== Linux Nginx Operation on [[systemd]] distributions ==
* Verify/Test Configuration: <code>[[nginx -t]]</code>
* Status: <code>[[systemctl]] status nginx</code>
* Start: <code>systemctl start nginx</code>
* Stop: <code>systemctl stop nginx</code>
* Restart: <code>systemctl restart nginx</code> (See also: <code>[[nginx -t]]</code>)

== Activities ==
* [[Track Application Response time in Nginx]]
* Enable status page in [[Nginx]] to get information about active connections and other parameters: https://easyengine.io/tutorials/nginx/status-page/ and test it: <code>curl http://127.0.0.1/nginx_status</code>
* Read [[Nginx change log|Nginx Change log]]
* [[Configure HTTP to HTTPs redirection with Nginx]]
* Review [[SSL]] nginx configuration

Medium
* Use <code>[[prometheus]]-[[nginx]]-exporter</code> to collect Nginx metrics

== Related terms ==
* [[NGINX Amplify]] [[SaaS]]

== See also ==
* {{certbot}}
* {{nginx}}
* {{http}}
* {{proxy}}
* [[Nagios]]: <code>[[check_http]]</code>

[[Category:Web]]
[[Category:Nginx]]

{{CC license}}
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nginx