Editing Git

<code>[[wikipedia:git (software)|git]]</code> ([[2005]]) is a distributed [[revision control software]].

* [[git init]]
* [[git bisect]]
* [[git clone]]
* [[git config]]
* [[git log]]
* [[git pull]]
* [[git push]]
* [[git fetch]]
* [[git remote]]
* [[git show]]
* [[git checkout]]
* [[git switch]]

== Activities ==
=== Git Installation ===
# Download Git from https://git-scm.com/downloads.
# Install Git. (MacOS: <code>[[brew install git]]</code>)
# apt install git or apt install [[git-all]]

=== Copy an existing remote repository ===
# Clone a remote repository. 
#* Select a local folder to copy the repository into, or create a new folder if you prefer. The repository will be copied as a subdirectory of the selected folder.
#* At a command or terminal prompt, navigate to the selected folder.
#* Clone the repository using the command:<br><code>[[git clone]] URL_TO_REPO</code>. See also: <code>[[git pull]]</code> and  <code>[[git fetch]]</code>

=== Create a local repository ===
# Initialize a folder for Git.
#* Select a local folder to add to Git, or create a new folder if you are starting a new project.
#* At a command or terminal prompt, navigate to the selected folder.
#* Initialize the folder using the command:<br><code>[[git init]]</code>

=== Make Local Changes and Update remote Repositories ===
Add local changes.
# Stage files.
#* Add files to the folder or modify existing files.
#* Add new and modified files to the git staging area using the command:<br><code>[[git add]] .</code><ref>http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/git-add.1.html</ref> or <code>git add some_modified_file.txt</code> or <code>git add -A</code>
# Commit changes.
#* Commit changes into the local repository using the command:<br><code>[[git commit]] -m "&lt;some message&gt;"</code>
# Connect to a remote repository.
#* Connect to a remote repository using the command:<br><code>git remote add &lt;name&gt; &lt;url&gt;</code><ref>http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/git-remote.1.html</ref>
# Push changes to a remote repository.
#* Push changes from your local repository to a remote repository using the command:<br><code>[[git push]]</code><ref>https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push</ref> or <code>git push origin master</code> or <code>git push -h origin master</code>

=== Retrieve Remote Changes ===
* Pull/get changes from a remote repository to have latest version of the code
** Pull/get changes from a remote repository to your local repository using the command:
:::<code>[[git pull]]</code> or <code>git pull &lt;name&gt; &lt;branch&gt;</code>
:::<code>[[git pull -v]]</code> (for more [[verbose]] output)
:::<code>[[git fetch]]</code>
:::<code>[[gfind]] $1 -name "[[.git]]" | gsed -r 's|/[^/]+$||' | parallel "echo {}; git -C {} pull" </code> (git pull all your repos in parallel, MacOS version)
* Pull subdirectories:
::<code>ls | parallel git -C {} pull</code> (assuming all sub-dirs are git repositories)<ref>https://stackoverflow.com/a/33557279</ref>
::<code>ls | parallel git -C {} fetch</code>
:: <code>-C <PATH></code> run as if git was started in <path> instead of the current working directory.

=== Repository information ===
* <code>[[git remote]] -v</code> or <code>git remote show origin</code> or <code>[[git config]] --get remote.origin.url</code><ref>https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4089430/how-can-i-determine-the-url-that-a-local-git-repository-was-originally-cloned-fr</ref>

=== [[git log]] ===
{{git log}}

=== [[git show]] ===
* <code>[[git show]] 3c88ad72430</code>

=== Tags / Releases ===
* Show all tags in git log:<ref>https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4211604/show-all-tags-in-git-log</ref> <code>[[git log]] --no-walk --tags --pretty="%h %d %s" --decorate=full</code>
* <code>[[git tag]]</code> (show releases)
* List tags with dates: <code>git log --tags --simplify-by-decoration --pretty="format:%ci %d"</code><ref>https://stackoverflow.com/a/13208822</ref>. Just can also add <code>taglog = log --tags --simplify-by-decoration --pretty='format:%ci %d'</code> (note the single-, NOT double-quotes) in the [alias] section of your [[gitconfig]] file.

=== Miscelaneous ===
* <code>git log --decorate=full --simplify-by-decoration</code>
* Print lines matching a pattern:<code>git grep TEXT_TO_SEARCH</code>
* <code>[[git merge]]</code><ref>https://dev.to/neshaz/how-to-use-git-merge-the-correctway-25pd</ref>
* [[Move existing, uncommitted work to a new branch in git]]

== Tips and Tricks ==
* To avoid using <code>--pager</code> in all <code>git log</code> commands, add the following line to your <code>~/.bash_profile</code> file:<ref>https://stackoverflow.com/a/7737071</ref><br><code>export GIT_PAGER=cat</code>

== Security ==
* [[CVE-2022-24765]] windows and multi-user environments
* [[gitrob]], [[TruffleHog]], [[gitleaks]]

== Related terms ==
* <code>git update-git-for-windows</code>
* [[Git Large File Storage (LFS)]]: <code>[[git lfs install]]</code>
* <code>[[git-crypt]]</code>
* <code>[[.git/config]]</code>
* [[GitFlow]]
* <code>[[git stash]]</code>
* [[GitBook]]
* <code>[[diffuse -m]]</code>

== Related software ==
* [[GitHub]] ([[2008]])
* [[GitLab]] ([[2011]])
* [[Bitbucket]] (2008)

== Activities ==
# [[Clone some git public repositories]]
# Learn what is a merge or [[pull request]]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23076923/what-is-a-merge-request
# Create your first website in [[Website Hosting]] using <code>git</code>
# Read StackOverflow questions about Git: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/git?tab=Votes
# [[Make Local Changes and Update remote Repositories]]
# [[Create Git branch with current changes]]

== See also ==
* {{git}}
* {{git software}}
* {{VCS}}
* {{dev}}



{{CC license}} Source: wikiversity

[[Category: Computer programming]]
[[Category:Concurrent Versions System]]