/etc/php/7.*/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

; Start a new pool named 'www'.
; the variable $pool can be used in any directive and will be replaced by the
; pool name ('www' here)
[www] 

; Per pool prefix
; It only applies on the following directives:
; - 'access.log'

- 'slowlog'

- 'listen' (unixsocket)

- 'chroot'

- 'chdir'

- 'php_values'

- 'php_admin_values'

When not set, the global prefix (or /usr) applies instead.

Note

This directive can also be relative to the global prefix.

Default Value

none

prefix = /path/to/pools/$pool

Unix user/group of processes

Note

The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group

will be used.

user = www-data group = www-data

The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.

Valid syntaxes are

'ip.add.re.ss

port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv4 address on

a specific port;

'[ip

6:addr:ess]:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv6 address on

a specific port;

'port' - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses

(IPv6 and IPv4-mapped) on a specific port;

'/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.

Note

This value is mandatory.

listen = /run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock

Set listen(2) backlog.

Default Value

511 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD)

listen.backlog = 511

Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write

permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many

BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.

Default Values

user and group are set as the running user

mode is set to 0660

listen.owner = www-data listen.group = www-data

listen.mode = 0660

When POSIX Access Control Lists are supported you can set them using

these options, value is a comma separated list of user/group names.

When set, listen.owner and listen.group are ignored

listen.acl_users =

listen.acl_groups =

List of addresses (IPv4/IPv6) of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect.

Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original

PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address

must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be

accepted from any ip address.

Default Value

any

listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1

Specify the nice(2) priority to apply to the pool processes (only if set)

The value can vary from -19 (highest priority) to 20 (lower priority)

Note

- It will only work if the FPM master process is launched as root

- The pool processes will inherit the master process priority

unless it specified otherwise

Default Value

no set

process.priority = -19

Set the process dumpable flag (PR_SET_DUMPABLE prctl) even if the process user

or group is differrent than the master process user. It allows to create process

core dump and ptrace the process for the pool user.

Default Value

no

process.dumpable = yes

Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes.

Possible Values

static - a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes;

dynamic - the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the

following directives. With this process management, there will be

always at least 1 children.

pm.max_children - the maximum number of children that can

be alive at the same time.

pm.start_servers - the number of children created on startup.

pm.min_spare_servers - the minimum number of children in 'idle'

state (waiting to process). If the number

of 'idle' processes is less than this

number then some children will be created.

pm.max_spare_servers - the maximum number of children in 'idle'

state (waiting to process). If the number

of 'idle' processes is greater than this

number then some children will be killed.

ondemand - no children are created at startup. Children will be forked when

new requests will connect. The following parameter are used

pm.max_children - the maximum number of children that

can be alive at the same time.

pm.process_idle_timeout - The number of seconds after which

an idle process will be killed.

Note

This value is mandatory.

pm = dynamic

The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'static' and the

maximum number of child processes when pm is set to 'dynamic' or 'ondemand'.

This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be

served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork.

Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP

CGI. The below defaults are based on a server without much resources. Don't

forget to tweak pm.* to fit your needs.

Note

Used when pm is set to 'static', 'dynamic' or 'ondemand'

Note

This value is mandatory.

pm.max_children = 5

The number of child processes created on startup.

Note

Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'

Default Value

min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers - min_spare_servers) / 2

pm.start_servers = 2

The desired minimum number of idle server processes.

Note

Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'

Note

Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'

pm.min_spare_servers = 1

The desired maximum number of idle server processes.

Note

Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'

Note

Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'

pm.max_spare_servers = 3

The number of seconds after which an idle process will be killed.

Note

Used only when pm is set to 'ondemand'

Default Value

10s

pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s;

The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning.

This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For

endless request processing specify '0'. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS.

Default Value

0

pm.max_requests = 500

The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be

recognized as a status page. It shows the following informations

pool - the name of the pool;

process manager - static, dynamic or ondemand;

start time - the date and time FPM has started;

start since - number of seconds since FPM has started;

accepted conn - the number of request accepted by the pool;

listen queue - the number of request in the queue of pending

connections (see backlog in listen(2));

max listen queue - the maximum number of requests in the queue

of pending connections since FPM has started;

listen queue len - the size of the socket queue of pending connections;

idle processes - the number of idle processes;

active processes - the number of active processes;

total processes - the number of idle + active processes;

max active processes - the maximum number of active processes since FPM

has started;

max children reached - number of times, the process limit has been reached,

when pm tries to start more children (works only for

pm 'dynamic' and 'ondemand');

Value are updated in real time.

Example output

pool

www

process manager

static

start time

01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200

start since

62636

accepted conn

190460

listen queue

0

max listen queue

1

listen queue len

42

idle processes

4

active processes

11

total processes

15

max active processes

12

max children reached

0

By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either

'html', 'xml' or 'json' in the query string will return the corresponding

output syntax. Example

http://www.foo.bar/status

http://www.foo.bar/status?json

http://www.foo.bar/status?html

http://www.foo.bar/status?xml

By default the status page only outputs short status. Passing 'full' in the

query string will also return status for each pool process.

Example

http://www.foo.bar/status?full

http://www.foo.bar/status?json&full

http://www.foo.bar/status?html&full

http://www.foo.bar/status?xml&full

The Full status returns for each process

pid - the PID of the process;

state - the state of the process (Idle, Running, ...);

start time - the date and time the process has started;

start since - the number of seconds since the process has started;

requests - the number of requests the process has served;

request duration - the duration in µs of the requests;

request method - the request method (GET, POST, ...);

request URI - the request URI with the query string;

content length - the content length of the request (only with POST);

user - the user (PHP_AUTH_USER) (or '-' if not set);

script - the main script called (or '-' if not set);

last request cpu - the %cpu the last request consumed

it's always 0 if the process is not in Idle state

because CPU calculation is done when the request

processing has terminated;

last request memory - the max amount of memory the last request consumed

it's always 0 if the process is not in Idle state

because memory calculation is done when the request

processing has terminated;

If the process is in Idle state, then informations are related to the

last request the process has served. Otherwise informations are related to

the current request being served.

Example output

************************

pid

31330

state

Running

start time

01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200

start since

63087

requests

12808

request duration

1250261

request method

GET

request URI

/test_mem.php?N=10000

content length

0

user

-

script

/home/fat/web/docs/php/test_mem.php

last request cpu

0.00

last request memory

0

Note

There is a real-time FPM status monitoring sample web page available

It's available in

/usr/share/php/7.2/fpm/status.html

Note

The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be

anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it

may conflict with a real PHP file.

Default Value

not set

pm.status_path = /status

The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no

URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside

that FPM is alive and responding, or to

- create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such);

- remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing);

- trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7).

Note

The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be

anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it

may conflict with a real PHP file.

Default Value

not set

ping.path = /ping

This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The

response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code.

Default Value

pong

ping.response = pong

The access log file

Default

not set

access.log = log/$pool.access.log

The access log format.

The following syntax is allowed

%%

the '%' character

%C

%CPU used by the request

it can accept the following format

- %{user}C for user CPU only

- %{system}C for system CPU only

- %{total}C for user + system CPU (default)

%d

time taken to serve the request

it can accept the following format

- %{seconds}d (default)

- %{miliseconds}d

- %{mili}d

- %{microseconds}d

- %{micro}d

%e

an environment variable (same as $_ENV or $_SERVER)

it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the env

variable. Some exemples

- server specifics like

 %{REQUEST_METHOD}e or %{SERVER_PROTOCOL}e

- HTTP headers like

 %{HTTP_HOST}e or %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}e

%f

script filename

%l

content-length of the request (for POST request only)

%m

request method

%M

peak of memory allocated by PHP

it can accept the following format

- %{bytes}M (default)

- %{kilobytes}M

- %{kilo}M

- %{megabytes}M

- %{mega}M

%n

pool name

%o

output header

it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the header

- %{Content-Type}o

- %{X-Powered-By}o

- %{Transfert-Encoding}o

- ....

%p

PID of the child that serviced the request

%P

PID of the parent of the child that serviced the request

%q

the query string

%Q

the '?' character if query string exists

%r

the request URI (without the query string, see %q and %Q)

%R

remote IP address

%s

status (response code)

%t

server time the request was received

it can accept a strftime(3) format

%d/%b/%Y

%H:%M:%S %z (default)

The strftime(3) format must be encapsuled in a %{<strftime_format>}t tag

e.g. for a ISO8601 formatted timestring, use

 %{%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z}t

%T

time the log has been written (the request has finished)

it can accept a strftime(3) format

%d/%b/%Y

%H:%M:%S %z (default)

The strftime(3) format must be encapsuled in a %{<strftime_format>}t tag

e.g. for a ISO8601 formatted timestring, use

 %{%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z}t

%u

remote user

Default

"%R - %u %t \"%m %r\" %s"

access.format = "%R - %u %t \"%m %r%Q%q\" %s %f %{mili}d %{kilo}M %C%%"

The log file for slow requests

Default Value

not set

Note

slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set

slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow

The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be

dumped to the 'slowlog' file. A value of '0s' means 'off'.

Available units

s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)

Default Value

0

request_slowlog_timeout = 0

Depth of slow log stack trace.

Default Value

20

request_slowlog_trace_depth = 20

The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will

be killed. This option should be used when the 'max_execution_time' ini option

does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of '0' means 'off'.

Available units

s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)

Default Value

0

request_terminate_timeout = 0

Set open file descriptor rlimit.

Default Value

system defined value

rlimit_files = 1024

Set max core size rlimit.

Possible Values

'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0

Default Value

system defined value

rlimit_core = 0

Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an

absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used.

Note

you can prefix with '$prefix' to chroot to the pool prefix or one

of its subdirectories. If the pool prefix is not set, the global prefix

will be used instead.

Note

chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever

possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot

(error_log, sessions.save_path, ...).

Default Value

not set

chroot =

Chdir to this directory at the start.

Note

relative path can be used.

Default Value

current directory or / when chroot

chdir = /var/www

Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and

stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs.

Note

on highloaded environement, this can cause some delay in the page

process time (several ms).

Default Value

no

catch_workers_output = yes

Clear environment in FPM workers

Prevents arbitrary environment variables from reaching FPM worker processes

by clearing the environment in workers before env vars specified in this

pool configuration are added.

Setting to "no" will make all environment variables available to PHP code

via getenv(), $_ENV and $_SERVER.

Default Value

yes

clear_env = no

Limits the extensions of the main script FPM will allow to parse. This can

prevent configuration mistakes on the web server side. You should only limit

FPM to .php extensions to prevent malicious users to use other extensions to

execute php code.

Note

set an empty value to allow all extensions.

Default Value

.php

security.limit_extensions = .php .php3 .php4 .php5 .php7

Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from

the current environment.

Default Value

clean env

env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME

env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin

/usr/bin:/bin

env[TMP] = /tmp

env[TMPDIR] = /tmp

env[TEMP] = /tmp

Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings

overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the

same as the PHP SAPI

php_value/php_flag - you can set classic ini defines which can

be overwritten from PHP call 'ini_set'.

php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won't be overwritten by

PHP call 'ini_set'

For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no.

Defining 'extension' will load the corresponding shared extension from

extension_dir. Defining 'disable_functions' or 'disable_classes' will not

overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value

instead.

Note

path INI options can be relative and will be expanded with the prefix

(pool, global or /usr)

Default Value

nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and

specified at startup with the -d argument

php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f [email protected]

php_flag[display_errors] = off

php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log

php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on

php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M

See also

• PHP, php-fpm, php -i, PHP sessions, symfony, fastcgi_pass, sessionclean (shell script),phpsessionclean.service (systemd service), phpquery, php.ini, /var/log/php*, PECL, php --help, PHPUnit, Laravel, PHP framework, Composer, phpbrew, Xdebug, php --version, PHP Fatal error, Hello, World! (php)]